| Hydroxylammonium sulfate | |
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Other names
Hydroxylamine sulfate |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 10039-54-0 |
| ChemSpider | 23229 |
| EC number | 233-118-8 |
| UN number | 2865 |
| RTECS number | NC5425000 |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | H8N2O6S |
| Molar mass | 164.14 g/mol |
| Appearance | white crystalline to fine product, slightly hygroscopic |
| Density | 1.88 g/cm3 |
| Melting point |
around 120 °C decomp. |
| Solubility in water | 58.7 g/100 ml (20 °C) |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| EU Index | 612-123-00-2 |
| EU classification | Explosive (E) Carc. Cat. 3 Toxic (T) Harmful (Xn) Irritant (Xi) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| R-phrases | R2, R21/22, R36/38, R40, R43, R48/22, R50 |
| S-phrases | (S2), S36/37, S61 |
| NFPA 704 |
1
3
2
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| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Hydroxylammonium nitrate Hydroxylammonium chloride |
| Other cations | Ammonium sulfate Hydrazinium sulfate |
| Related compounds | Hydroxylamine |
| (verify) (what is: /?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
Hydroxylammonium sulfate, (NH3OH)2SO4, is the sulfuric acid salt of hydroxylamine. It is primarily used as an easily-handled form of hydroxylamine, which is explosive when pure.
Contents |
Hydroxylammonium sulfate can be obtained by the acid-base reaction of hydroxylamine with sulfuric acid:
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in organic synthesis to convert aldehydes and ketones to oximes, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (e.g. esters) to hydroxamic acids, isocyanates to N-hydroxyureas and nitriles to amidoximes. Hydroxylammonium sulfate is also used to generate hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid from oleum or chlorosulfuric acid.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in the production of anti-skinning agents, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, plastics and detergents. It is a radical scavenger that terminates radical polymerization reactions and serves as an antioxidant in natural rubber. (NH3OH)2SO4 is a starting material for some insecticides, herbicides and growth regulators. It is used in photography as a stabiliser for colour developers and as an additive in photographic emulsions in colour film.
At 120 °C, hydroxylammonium sulfate begins to decompose to sulfur trioxide, nitrous oxide, water, and ammonia:
The reaction is exothermic above 138 °C, and is most exothermic at 177 °C.[1] Metals (especially copper, its alloys and its salts) catalyse the decomposition of hydroxylammonium sulfate.